Literature analysis of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis （DIAIH） induced by tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor （TNFi）， and to provide reference for clinical drug treatment. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， China Academic Journal full-text Database， VIP and Wanfang database， the case reports of TNFi-induced DIAIH were collected to conduct descriptive analysis. RESULTS A total of 33 case reports involving 44 patients were collected， including 31 females and 13 males， with an average age of （41.14±2.20） years old， mostly aged 30 to 60 years （77.27%）. The primary diseases were Crohn disease （CD）， ulcerative colitis （UC） and rheumatoid arthritis （RA） （68.18%）. Of the 44 patients， 35 were treated with infliximab （IFX）， 7 with adalimumab， and 2 with etanercept. The dosage of 37 patients was within the scope of the instructions， and 31 received other drugs additionally； DIAIH mainly occurred ≤24 weeks after medication （68.18%）； 21 patients （47.73%） had no clinical manifestations； alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were abnormally elevated in all patients； anti-nuclear antibodies were positive in 38 patients. Except for 3 patients who required liver transplantation， all the other patients improved after drug withdrawal and/or symptomatic treatment such as glucocorticoid therapy. CONCLUSIONS TNFi- induced DIAIH is more common in female patients and can occur with conventional doses， with significant differences in occurrence time. However， the intervention measures are basically the same for DIAIH induced by different types of TNFi. Clinical use of TNFi， especially the use of IFX， requires close attention to the clinical manifestations， liver function and autoantibody level， and a detailed evaluation should be conducted to detect DIAIH as soon as possible. If liver function continues to not improve， it is necessary to stop taking medicine as soon as possible and receive symptomatic treatment to avoid developing acute or severe DIAIH or liver failure.

Principles for the rational use of national key monitoring drugs （the second batch） / 中国药房

In order to strengthen the supervision of the use of drugs in hospitals，the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences· Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital took the lead in compiling the Principles for the Rational Use of National Key Monitoring Drugs （the Second Batch） with a number of experts from multiple medical units in accordance with the Second Batch of National Key Monitoring Rational Drug Use List （hereinafter referred to as “the List”） issued by the National Health Commission. According to the method of the WHO Guidelines Development Manual， the writing team used the Delphi method to unify expert opinions by reading and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature evidence of related drugs， and applied the evaluation， formulation and evaluation method of recommendation grading （GRADE） to evaluate the quality of evidence formed， focusing on more than 30 drugs in the List about the evaluation of off-label indications of drugs， key points of rational drug use and key points of pharmaceutical monitoring. It aims to promote the scientific standardization and effective management of clinical medication， further improve the quality of medical services， reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse， promote rational drug use， and improve public health.

Retrospective Analysis of ADR in Elderly Patients in Sichuan Province during 2013-2019 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the situ ation and characteristics of ADR reports in the elderly patients （≥65 years old ） of Sichuan province ，and to provide reference for guaranteeing the safety of drug use. METHODS ：ADR reporting data of elderly patients collected by spontaneous reporting system of Sichuan ADR monitoring center from 2013 to 2019 were collected ，and then analyzed in respects of report types ，reproting institution ，relationship，patienst’age，gender，nationality，drug type ，organ/system invovled. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：In the past seven years ，175 431 cases spontaneous ADR were collected by Sichuan ADR monitoring center ，and the annual proportion of “general”ADR reports decreased from 78.93％ in 2013 to 60.50％ year by year ； the annual proportion of “new general ”and“serious”ADRs increased year by year ，among which that of “new general ”ADR increased more obviously. The main reporting institutions were medical institutions ，accounting for 92.79％-98.87％ of the total annual reports. The enthusiasm of enterprises and individuals to report ADR needed to be improved ；8 031 cases（4.58％）were “positive”relationship，21 283 cases（12.13％）were“likely”，146 117 cases（83.29％）were“possible”. Except that the gender of 272 cases were not reported ，there were 88 176 male cases and 86 983 female cases ；most of them were 65-74 years old （104 962 cases，59.83％）. The reports covered 19 nationalities，among which the re were 166 752 cases（98.72％）of Han nationality. The distribution of ADR related drug categories in elderly patients of Yi ， Tibetan and Qiang nationalities was significantly different from that of Han nationality （P＜0.01）. The top three drug categories in the total frequency were anti-infective drugs （31.10％），traditional Chinese medicine com （18.27％），and central nervous system drugs （9.99％）. The injection route was the most likely to cause ADR （72.12％）. ADR mainly involved s kin and its appendants （21.47％）， gastrointestinal system （19.61％）and central and peripheral nervous system （18.55％）. Aminophylline injection was the only dr ug in the top 10 drugs leading to “new general ”ADR for consecutive 7 years. Cefotaxime sodium for injection ，Ceftriaxone sodium for injection ，Cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium for injection were the top 10 drugs causing “severe”ADR in consecutive 7 years，which should be paid more attention in clinic.

Effect of Wenyang Jiedu Huayu Granule on TLR4 mRNA, TNF-α and Hepatocyte Apoptosis in IETM Rats with Hepatic Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the relationship between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and its downstream inflammatory factor-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) of hepatic failure, and explore the regulatory mechanism of Wenyang Jiedu Huayu granule on endotoxin-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Method::The 85 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, TLR4 monoclonal antibody group and Wenyang Jiedu Huayu granule group. D-galactosamine (D-Gal) intraperitoneal injection was performed to establish the IETM model of hepatic failure. The TLR4 monoclonal antibody group and the Wenyang Jiedu Huayu granule group were given Wenyang Jiedu Huayu granule solution by gavage 5 days before the modeling. The normal group and the model group were given isovolumetric distilled water. Each group was given by gavage until sacrifice. Rats in each group were randomly sacrificed at 24, 48, 72 h, respectively, and samples were collected. The levels of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected at 24, 48, 72 h. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. The expression of TLR4 in liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). The expression of TNF-α in liver tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The apoptotic rate of hepatocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Result::Compared with the normal group, ALT and AST were increased in model group, while the pathological injury degree of liver tissue was significantly increased. The expressions of TLR4 mRNA and TNF-α were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), whereas the apoptosis rate of liver cells was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, ALT and AST were decreased in Wenyang Jiedu Huayu granule group (P<0.01), and the degree of pathological injury of liver tissue was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The expressions of TLR4 mRNA and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the apoptosis rate of liver cells was also reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion::TLR4 mRNA and TNF-α are positively correlated with hepatocyte apoptosis in liver failure. Wenyang Jiedu Huayu granule can improve liver function, alleviate liver cell injury and reduce liver cell apoptosis in IETM mice with hepatic failure. The mechanism may be related to its ability to down-regulate the expression of liver TLR4 mRNA, inhibit the release of TNF-α, and reduce the rate of hepatocyte apoptosis.

Correlation Between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Intestinal Microecology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Human microecosystem includes oral cavity, skin, urine and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal microecosystem is the most important and complex ecosystem. Intestinal microecology is composed of intestinal microflora and its habitat environment. It plays an important role in substance metabolism, nutrient absorption, mucosal barrier, immune regulation, and is closely related to physiological and pathological activities of the body. Human microbial community is composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, which have established a highly complex interaction network. Intestinal microbial biomass accounts for 78%of the total human microbial biomass, and there are about 400 to 500 kinds of intestinal bacteria. Normal intestinal flora is the natural barrier of human body, and plays an important role in maintaining human health. One of the most prominent characteristics of intestinal flora is stability. The flora is combined in a certain proportion, and all kinds of bacteria interact with and depend on each other to form an ecological balance in quality and quantity. Any change in the internal and external environment of the human body will affect the number and structure of intestinal flora. In particular, the long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics could inhite susceptible enterobacter, which would cause various intestinal diseases and parenteral diseases. Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal microecological balance is of great significance to human' s resistance to infectious diseases caused by intestinal pathogens. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have found that intestinal microecology is closely related to digestive system diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity and so on. With the increasing number of experimental and clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and intestinal microecology, TCM has become a golden key to open the door of intestinal microecology. This paper systematically discussed the correlation between TCM and intestinal microecology in the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome, experimental research and clinical treatment.

Retrospective Analysis of Gestational Adverse Drug Reactions from Sichuan Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring from Nov. 2016 to Nov. 2017 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the characteristics and regularity of gestational （including perinatal period） adverse drug reactions （ADR） in Sichuan province， and to provide evidence for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drug use in clinic. METHODS： Gestational ADR reported to Sichuan provincial ADR monitoring center from Nov. 2016 to Nov. 2017 were statistically analyzed in respects of report source， personnel distribution， general information of patients， route of administration， drug types and main drugs， involved system/organ， grading and outcome， etc. RESULTS： A total of 1 309 gestational ADR cases   （1 340 case time） were collected， in which 1 305 were from medical institutions， 3 from enterprises and 1 from manufacturer. There were 986 physicians， 188 nurses， 133 pharmacists and 2 commissioners for drug safety. 859 cases （65.62％） were 21-30 years old， accounting for the largest proportion. 867 case time were caused by intravenous administration （64.70％）. ADR-inducing drug types mainly included reproductive system drugs （491 case time， 36.64％）， antimicrobial drugs （479 case time， 35.75％） and blood system drugs （110 case time， 8.21％）. Main of them were Carboprost tromethamine injection （187 case time， 13.96％）， Cefazolin sodium for injection （122 case time， 9.10％） and Oxytocin injection （105 case time， 7.84％）. ADR mainly involved skin and its appendants （517 case time， 33.95％）， gastrointestinal system （387 case time， 25.41％）， whole body （175 case time， 11.49％）.  In 1 309 gestational ADR， 1 251 cases （95.57％） were general ADR； 58 cases （4.43％） were severe ADR， including 14 life-threatening cases， 7 extended hospital stay and 37 others； 592 （45.22％） patients improved， 716 （54.70％） recovered and 1 （0.08％） did not improve. CONCLUSIONS： In clinical practice， it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of drug use in patients during gestational， especially monitor ADR of uterine contraction drugs and antimicrobial drugs during gestational， use drug cautiously and promote clinical medication safety in gestational patients.

Retrospective study on the diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary CT angiography for myocardial ischemia / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) (FFRCT) for functional myocardial ischemia.Methods Thirty-nine patients undergone coronary CTA and FFR examination from Aug.2012 to Jul.2015 in PLA General Hospital were retrospectively included in present study.Measurements of invasive FFR value was used as reference standard,and FFRCT based on coronary CTA image was performed in either per-patient or per-vessel level to assess the accuracy,specificity,sensitivity,the positive predictive value and negative predictive value for functional myocardial ischemia.Results In per-patient level,the accuracy of FFRCT was 82.05％,sensitivity was 83.33％,specificity was 80.95％,positive predictive value was 78.95％ and negative predictive value was 85.00％.In per-vessel level,the accuracy of FFRCT was 76.79％,sensitivity was 69.57％,specificity was 81.82％,positive predictive value was 72.73％ and negative predictive value was 79.41％.The area under ROC was 0.826 in per-patient level,and 0.786 in per-vessel level.For per-vessel,FFRCT was positively correlated with FFR value significantly (r=0.644;95％CI:0.458-0.775).Conclusion With FFR as reference standard,domestic noninvasive FFRCT can be used for the diagnosis of functional myocardial ischemia with high diagnostic performance and clinical application prospect.

Effects of combination therapy on the movement function of lower extremity after total knee arthroplasty in the elderly / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Electromyographic biofeedback therapy has been reported to contribute to the functional recovery of the lower limb after arthroplasty.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of different rehabilitation therapies on the movement function of lower limb in elderly patients after total knee replacement.METHODS: Totally 153 patients undergoing total knee replacement were randomly divided into conventional,electromyographic biofeedback and combination groups (n=51 per group), and then subjected to the conventional rehabilitation training, electromyographic biofeedback at the quadriceps femoris, and conventional rehabilitation training,electromyographic biofeedback plus body weight supported treadmill training, respectively. At 8 weeks after treatment,the movement function of lower limbs, activities of daily living and balance abilities, range of flexion-extension of the knee joint, walking ability, Hospital for Special Surgery of the lower limbs, as well as the Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores were evaluated. Besides, the Visual Analogue Scale scores, surface electromyogram of the quadriceps femoris at rest and in activity, co-contraction ratio of antagonistic muscle when ankle dorsiflexion, Fugl-Meyer assessment,modified Barthel index, Berg Balance Scale, and Holden walking function classification were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Visual Analogue Scale scores after treatment in the combination group were significantly lower than those before treatment, in the conventional and electromyographic biofeedback groups (P < 0.01).(2) The Hospital for Special Surgery and Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the conventional and electromyographic biofeedback groups (P < 0.05). (3) The surface electromyogram values, co-contraction ratio of antagonistic muscle, Fugl-Meyer assessment, modified Barthel index,range of flexion-extension of the knee joint, maximum step length and velocity as well as Holden walking function in the combination group were significantly superior to those in the conventional and electromyographic biofeedback groups (P < 0.05). (4) These results indicate that combination therapy is able to significantly improve the movement function and muscle strength of the lower limb, and enhance the postoperative rehabilitation for the elderly after total knee arthroplasty.

The expression and significance of serum ghrelin, leptin, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in children with idiopathic short stature / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To examine the expressions of serum growth hormone (ghrelin), leptin (LP), in sulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) in children with id-iopathic short stature (ISS), and their significance. Methods A total of 40 patients with ISS were selected from May. 2012 to Oct. 2014 in Fuyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, while a total of 40 children in good health were selected as the control group. Serum ghrelin and LP levels were measured by ELISA. Serum IGF-1 and IGF-BP3 levels were detected by chemiluminescence immune assay. Results were analyzed statistically. Results The height, weight, BMI, GH, serum LP, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while serum ghrelin expression level was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that ghrelin and LP were negatively correlated(r=-0.611, P<0.01), ghrelin and IGF-1 levels were negatively correlated(r=-0.520, P<0.05), Ghrelin and IGFBP3 were pos-itively correlated (r=0.586, P<0.01), IGF-1 and IGFBP3 was negatively correlated (r=-0.576, P<0.01), and LP and IGFBP3 were negatively correlated (r=-0.609, P<0.01). Conclusions It shows that ghrelin, LP, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels in children with ISS are related to growth hormone secretion status. The interactions between ghre-lin and insulin-like growth factor axis regulate growth and development of children.

Impact of Clinical Guideline Recommendations on the Application of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Patients with Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has been widely used in patients who are at intermediate risk for having stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), and 2013 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on the Management of SCAD (2013G) recommended the appropriate application of CCTA. However, 2013G has not been subjected to systematic analyses for subsequent impact on clinical practice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 5320 patients suspected with SCAD were enrolled and scheduled for CCTA from March 2013 to September 2014. For each patient, pretest probability of SCAD was calculated according to updated Diamond-Forrester model (UDFM). Appropriate CCTA or appropriate stress test was determined as described in the 2013G. A generalized estimating equation model was used to determine the trends in the half-monthly rate of appropriate CCTA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, only 61.37% of patients received appropriate CCTA, and there was insignificant change over time (P = 0.8701). The application of CCTA in patients who should have had a stress test accounted for most of the inappropriate CCTA before (22.29%) or after (19.98%) the publication of the 2013G. In all patients or any subgroup, no significant change in the adjusted half-monthly rate of appropriate CCTA was found after the publication of the 2013G (odds ratio, 1.002; 95% confidence interval, 0.982-1.021; P = 0.8678).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These findings suggest that the 2013G have not, to date, been fully incorporated into clinical practice, and the clinical utilization of CCTA remains unreasonable to some extent.</p>

Baseline Naive CD4+ T-cell Level Predicting Immune Reconstitution in Treated HIV-infected Late Presenters / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Among HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), early changes in CD4+ T-cell subsets are well described. However, HIV-infected late presenters initiating treatment present with a suboptimal CD4+ T-cell reconstitution and remain at a higher risk for AIDS and non-AIDS events. Therefore, factors associated with CD4+ T-cell reconstitution need to be determined in this population, which will allow designing effective immunotherapeutic strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one adult patients with baseline CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/mm3 exhibiting viral suppression after ART initiation were followed in the HIV/AIDS research center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China, from October 2002 to September 2013. Changes in T-cell subsets and associated determinants were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Median baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 70 cells/mm3. We found a biphasic reconstitution of T-cell subsets and immune activation: a rapid change during the first 6 months followed by a more gradual change over the subsequent 8 years. Baseline CD4+ T-cell count >200 cells/mm3 in comparison to CD4+ T-cell count ≤200 cells/mm3 was associated with more complete immune Reconstitution (77.8% vs. 27.3% respectively; P = 0.017) and normalized CD4/CD8 ratio. We showed that the baseline percentage of naive CD4+ T-cell was a predictive marker for complete immune reconstitution (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.907), and 12.4% as cutoff value had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 88.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Baseline naive CD4+ T-cell percentage may serve as a predictive marker for optimal immune reconstitution during long-term therapy. Such study findings suggest that increasing thymic output should represent an avenue to improve patients who are diagnosed late in the course of infection.</p>

Investigation of ocular structure in pigmented rabbit and C57BL/6 mouse using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can quantitatively analyze some ocular parameters in vivo.Although human ocular parameters have been obtained by SD-OCT,few studies were performed in animal experiment.Objective This study was to investigate the anterior and posterior segment parameters of C57BL/6 mice and pigmented rabbits using SD-OCT in vivo.Methods Some anterior and posterior segment ocular parameters,including the central corneal thickness (CCT),anterior chamber depth (ACD),white-to-white (WTW),optic nerve head (ONH) depth/width and retinal thickness,were measured in 8 eyes of 4 health SPF C57BL/6 mice and 12 eyes of 6 health SPF pigmented rabbits using SD-OCT.Results For C57BL/6 mice,Cornea,iris,lens in pupil area were clearly exhibited by SD-OCT.Mean CCT,ACD and WTW were (96±9)μm,(460±8) μm and (2.86 ± 0.41) mm pre-mydriasis,respectively,the corresponding values of post-mydriasis were (96±8) μm,(356±20)μm and (2.87±0.62)mm.There were no statistical differences of CCT and WTW between pre-and post-mydriasis (t =0.478,P =0.647 ; t =-0.737,P =0.485).ACD of post-mydriasis was significantly shallower than that of baseline (t =-13.022,P＜0.001).For the pigmented rabbits,the thickness of corneal thinnest point,retinal thickness,ONH depth and width were (370 ± 10) μm,(175 ± 4) μm,(1.35 ± 0.51) mm and (4.52±0.82) mm,respectively.Conclusions As a non-contact and non-invasive technology,SD-OCT can provide not only high resolution cross-sectional ocular images,but also high precise quantitative parameters for both C57BL/6 mouse and pigmented rabbit in vivo.

An investigation on formation mechanisms and preparation of curcumin phospholipid complex / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparation and characteristics of curcumin phospholipid complex, including the effects of reaction time, reaction solvent, reaction concentration and reaction temperature. Preparation technology resulted in that 0.5 g curcumin and 10 g soy phospholipid dissolved in 100 mL anhydrous alcohol, were stirred 1 h in 50 degrees C waterbath, then steamed alcohol in decompression, collected solid residue and vacuum dried for 12 h. The physicochemical properties for the new complex including IR spectrometer, mass spectrograph and HNMR equipment were detected. As a result, the formation of the complex is based on the reaction between phospholipid polar group rounding phosphorus atom and curcumin. This result gave the evidence for the formation mechanism of phospholipid complex.

A new flavonoid from Lysimachia foenum-graecum / 药学学报

The aim of the study was to look for the chemical constituents of the herb of Lysimachia foenum-graecum. The herb of Lysimachia foenum-graecum was extracted with 70% EtOH. The isolation and purification was performed with a combination of multi-column chromatography and the structure was determined by spectral analysis. The flavonoid compound was obtained and elucidated as kaempferol-7-O(4"-(E)-p-coumaroyl-)-alpha-L-rhmanopyranosyl)-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhmanopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside. It is a new flavonoid compound.

Chemical constituents from a Tibetan medicine Arenaria kansuensis I / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Arenaria kansuensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Column chromatographic techniques were applied to isolated constituents. A combination of physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis were used to identify structures of constituents.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five compounds were obtained and elucidated as tricin (1), tricin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), tricin 4'-O-beta-guaiacylglyceryl ether (3), isoscoparin (4) and isovitexin (5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 2, 3 and 5 were isolated from A. kansuensis for the first time, compound 3 was obtained from the family Caryophyllaceae for the first time.</p>

The influence of coronary main vessel stenting on side branches / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the influence of stenting main vessel on side branches and to compare the different effects on side branches between BMS and DES (Taxus and Cypher).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed the angiograms and the medical records of 183 patients who had received stent implantation in coronary main vessels and had follow-up angiograms. Any side branch was jailed by stent was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Side branch occlusion occurred in 8.9% in all branches (10.5% in Cypher DES group, 11.1% in Taxus DES group and 7.8% in BMS group). Spontaneous recanalization of side branches was observed in 72% (90.9% in Cypher DES, 66.7% in Taxus stent group and 66.7% in BMS). The ostial side branch stenosis before stenting and the involvement of the side branch origin within the lesion of the parent vessel are the major independent predictors for side branch occlusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The influence of different DES implantations in coronary main vessels on side branches were similar and there was no difference between DES and BMS. Side branch occlusion had relatively benign clinical course. Most occluded side branches had late spontaneous reperfusion.</p>

Chemical constituents of Geranium eristemon / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Geranium eristemon.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five compounds were isolated from acetone extract of the whole grass of G. eristemon, and identified as beta-sitosterol, protocatechuic acid, myricetin, kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside were isolated from G. genus for the first time.</p>

Diffusion tensor tractography of normal and compressed spinal cord:a preliminary study at 3.0 T MR / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study the feasibility and clinical values of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)in the spinal cord at 3.0 T MR.Methods Forty patients with spinal cord compression including cervical cord herniation and cervical spondylosis(30 cases),tumors in spinal canal(9 cases)and old injury in cervical vertebrae(1 cases)and 20 healthy volunteers participated in this study.Single-shot spin- echo echo-planar diffusion tensor sequence for tractography of the spinal cord was performed.The fibers of spinal cord were visualized by using fiber tracking software.Results On the DTT maps,the normal spinal cord was depicted as a fiber tract showing color-encoded cephaloeaudally,which indicated anisotropy in the cephalocaudal direction.By setting two ROI,the main spinal cord fiber tracts,such as corticospinal or spinothalamic tract,were visualized.The tracts from two sides of the brain did not completely cross.It was asymmetric in the number of tracts on the two sides in most normal subjects(8/10).The tracts of all patients with cord compression were seen oppressed or damaged in different degrees.The DrrT in patients with cervical spondylosis and extramedullary-intradural neurolemmoma demonstrated that tracts were oppressed but not damaged.The DTT in one ependymoma showed that tract was markedly compressed and slightly damaged.Conclusion DTT is a promising tool for demonstrating the spinal cord tracts and abnormalities,can provide useful information for the localization of compression and evaluation of the impairment extent on the white matter tracts of the spinal cord.

MR respiratory navigator echo gated coronary angiography at 3 T / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the techniques and influence factors for the respiratory navigator echo triggered whole-heart coronary MR angiography(WH-CMRA)and evaluate its application in visualizing coronary arteries and the image quality.Methods Ninety two volunteers were acquired with WH-CMRA at 3 T MR scanner using respiratory navigator-echo gated TFE sequence.Imaging quality was visually graded as 0—Ⅳ grade according to the visual inspection,average length,diameter and sharpness of coronary arteries.The correlation between the imaging quality and respiratory pattern,heart rate and navigator efficiency was analyzed.Results The imaging quality in 92 cases was that 28 were graded as Ⅳ, 53 were graded as Ⅲ,9 were graded as Ⅱ and 2 were graded as Ⅰ.The successful rate of scan was 88% (81/92).The imaging quality is mainly graded as Ⅳ when the heart rate was less than 75 beats per minute (bpm)and the sharpness of vessel was(48?11)%.When heart rate was more than 75 bpm,the image quality was mostly graded as Ⅲ and the sharpness was(33?15)%.The correlation between heart rate and imaging quality score was negative(r=-0.726,P0.05).Conclusion 3 T WH-CMRA technique could facilitated the visualization of whole coronary arteries at free breathing but having indications on heart rate.